{"id":6776,"date":"2026-02-17T17:42:31","date_gmt":"2026-02-17T09:42:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.chinanhd.com\/?p=6776"},"modified":"2026-02-10T17:44:23","modified_gmt":"2026-02-10T09:44:23","slug":"battery-recycling-as-an-emerging-pathway-for-strategic-resource-supply","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.chinanhd.com\/vi\/battery-recycling-as-an-emerging-pathway-for-strategic-resource-supply\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00e1i ch\u1ebf pin nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i cho ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"T\u00e1i<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111ang nhanh ch\u00f3ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nhu c\u1ea7u cho lithium, niken, coban, mangan v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean quan. V\u1edbi xe \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o khai th\u00e1c m\u1ecf t\u01b0\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. T\u1eadp trung \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf sinh th\u00e1i v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c m\u1ecf m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 khai th\u00e1c ch\u00ednh m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u00f3, t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf pin ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu. Pin \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p phong ph\u00fa do n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 kim lo\u1ea1i cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1eb7ng m\u1edbi. X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ea3 khai th\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n an to\u00e0n nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t, ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 thi kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u1ecfi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf pin t\u0103ng sang c\u00e1ch duy tr\u00ec hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee7y kim ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf pin tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cung c\u1ea5p t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u1edbi?<\/b><\/strong><\/h2>\n

Pin b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng qu\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u00f4ng qua t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf pin. So v\u1edbi khai th\u00e1c m\u1ecf th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o khai th\u00e1c qu\u1eb7ng m\u1edbi, r\u00fat ng\u1eafn c\u00e1c d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n cung \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 trong v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn kinh t\u1ebf tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n, do \u0111\u00f3 t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y gi\u1eef cho kim lo\u1ea1i qu\u00fd l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng trong c\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, do \u0111\u00f3 duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh cung \u1ee9ng t\u1eeb xung \u0111\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1eb1ng sau s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i<\/b><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Ba y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i: s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a xe \u0111i\u1ec7n, s\u1ef1 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1 kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t h\u01a1n. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m x\u1eed l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0o h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf quy m\u00f4 t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf pin?<\/b><\/strong><\/h2>\n

T\u00e1i ch\u1ebf pin kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4 l\u1eadp, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u00e1ch. Sau khi b\u1ecb th\u00e1o d\u1ee1 v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec1n n\u00e1t, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111en k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, gi\u00e0u c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u1ee7y kim lo\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c ti\u1ebfp theo, bao g\u1ed3m h\u00f2a tan axit, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn v\u00e0 tinh ch\u1ebf h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, bao g\u1ed3m x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u00f9n, ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 t\u00e1ch r\u1eafn-l\u1ecfng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u00e1c h\u1ea1t c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 nh\u1ecf, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng gel v\u00e0 d\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1ecdc v\u00e0 r\u1eeda.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh trong c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng luy\u1ec7n kim \u01b0\u1edbt<\/b><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Axit sulfuric, axit phosphoric v\u00e0 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p axit h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee7y kim lo\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i, l\u00e0m cho thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i. N\u1ebfu hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3m, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i kim lo\u1ea1i t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn d\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eafn-l\u1ecfng h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i kim lo\u1ea1i?<\/b><\/strong><\/h2>\n

Vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1ch c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn kh\u1ecfi ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u ra ti\u1ebfp theo. Vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u00ean trong c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, trong khi vi\u1ec7c r\u1eeda kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn sau \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u00f3, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong d\u00f2ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c thay v\u00ec m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t tinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 colloidal<\/b><\/strong><\/h3>\n

C\u00e1c h\u1ea1t trong kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111en c\u1ee7a pin r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u1edf trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ee9t sau khi ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady trong khi cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u trong c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u1ecdc k\u00e9m g\u00e2y m\u1ea5t c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao trong t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf pin \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u?<\/b><\/strong><\/h2>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, bao g\u1ed3m lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf d\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sau khi r\u1eeda, chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh pH, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a ph\u1ed1t phat theo c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 r\u1eeda s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi k\u1ebft tinh ho\u1eb7c s\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed7i \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ec1n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00edn.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c n\u00fat quy tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00e1ch m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd<\/b><\/strong><\/h3>\n